click on link at end of citation for pdf

2025

166. G. Debruyn, S. Choi, J.L. Dobson, Y. Maudens, K. De Clerck, M.D. Shawkey, S. Zhang, L. D’Alba 2025. Convergence in biomineralization patterns across animal eggshells Faraday Discussions pdf

165. J. Goldenberg, K. Bisschop, J.W. Lambert, M. Nicolaï, R.S. Etienne, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey. 2025. Habitat openness and squamate color evolution over deep time. Nat. Comm. 16: 2625 pdf

164. R. Li, L. D’Alba, G. Debruyn, J.L. Dobson, C.-F. Zhou, J.A. Clarke, J. Vinther, Q. Li, M.D. Shawkey. 2025. Mesozoic Mammaliaforms illuminate the origins of pelage coloration. Science 387:1193-1198. pdf

163. Y. Sun, H. Jiang, X. Zhu, Y. Xiang, S. Hou, Y. Li, M.D. Shawkey, G. Chen, T. Xing. 2025. Colorful photothermal photonic crystal cotton fabric based on melanin-like polycaffeic acid nanoparticles. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 305:141056. Doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141056. pdf

162. X. Zhu, W. Xie, Y. Li, T. Xing, M. D. Shawkey, G. Chen. 2025. Facile fabrication of stable core/shell photonic microspheres with temperature and NIR responsiveness via vortex mixing. Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 708: 136051 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.136051. pdf

2024

161.  E. Kennedy, M. Boot, C. Bom, P. Jerem, W.H. Halfwerk, R. Simon, M. D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba. 2024. Target strength varies with a moth’s wing positioning, but is independent of acoustic camouflage provided by body scales. Proceedings of 30th Annual of International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration 1-7. pdf

160.G. Debruyn. T.H. Büscher, M.P.J. Nicolaï, J.L. Dobson, W. Xie, K. De Clerck, L. D’Alba, M. D. Shawkey. 2024. Thin-film iridescence in the eggshell of a stick insect. Phys. Ent. DOI: 10.1111/phen.12469. pdf

159. M. P. J. Nicolaï,  S. Rogalla,  M. Yousefi,  R. C. K. Bowie,  L. D’Alba, M. D. Shawkey. 2024.  Ecological, genetic and geographical divergence explain differences in colouration among sunbird species (Nectariniidae). Ecology and Evolution, 14 e11427. pdf

158. C.M. Eliason, M.P.J. Nicolaï, C. Bom, E. Blom, L. D’Alba, M. D. Shawkey. 2024. Transitions between colour mechanisms affect speciation dynamics and range distributions of birds. Nat Ecol Evol 8: 1723–1734. pdf

157. M.P.J. Nicolaï, M.J. Bok, J. Abalos, L. D’Alba, M. D. Shawkey, J. Goldenberg. 2024. The function and consequences of fluorescence in tetrapods. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 121: e2318189121 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318189121 pdf

156. G. Debruyn,  J. Geltmeyer,  E. Schoolaert,  M. P. J. Nicolaï,  W. Xie, M. Wynant,  M. D. Shawkey,  K. DeClerck,  L. D'Alba. 2024. Hydric environment and chemical composition shape non-avian reptile eggshell absorption. Int. Comp. Biol. icae040, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae040. pdf

155 .W. Xie, A. Dhinojwala, N. Gianneschi, M.D. Shawkey. 2024. Interactions of Melanin with Electromagnetic Radiation: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chem. Reviews https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00858. pdf

154. M. Nicolaï, G. Debruyn, M. Soenens, M.D. Shawkey, Liliana D’Alba. 2024. Nanoscale millefeuilles produce iridescent bill ornaments in birds. PNAS Nexus pgae138 pdf

153. D. Sha, X. Zhu, Y, Sun, T. Lu, G. Yang, M.D. Shawkey, G. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Li, T. Xing. 2024. Preparation of robust structural color film on cotton fabrics by caffeic acid. Surf. Interfaces 48:104337 pdf

152. M. Nicolaï., B. Van Hecke, S. Rogalla, G. Debruyn, R.C.K. Bowie, N.J. Matzke, S.J. Hackett, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey. 2024. The evolution of multiple color mechanisms is correlated with diversification in sunbirds (Nectariniidae). Syst. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syae006 pdf

2023

151. M. Nicolaï., R. Vanisterbecq, M.D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba. 2023. Back in black: melanin-rich skin colour associated with increased net diversification rates in birds. Biol. Lett. 19: 20230304. pdf

150. B. Vanthornout, F. Janssens, G. Debruyn, J. Mertens, K DeClerck, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey. 2023. Rapid and reversible humidity-dependent colour change by water film formation in a scaled springtail. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 20: 20230228. pdf

149. S. Singla, Z. Yang, A. Patil, H. Guo, B. Vanthournout, K.Z. Htut, M.D. Shawkey, M. Tsige, A. Dhinojwala. 2023. Influence of core type and shell thickness on avian-inspired structural colors produced from melanin nanoparticle assemblies.  ACS Appl. Mat. Interfaces 15: 45229-453238. pdf

148. C.M. Heil, A. Patil, B. Vanthournout, S. Singla, M. Bleuel, J. Song, Z. Hu, N.C. Gianneschi, M.D. Shawkey, S.K. Sinha, A. Jayaraman, A. Dhinojwala. 2023. Mechanism of structural colors in binary mixtures of nanoparticle-based supraballs. Sci. Adv.9, eadf2859. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adf2859. pdf

147. J. Goldenberg , F. Massetti, L. D’Alba, M. D. Shawkey. 2023. Body size and substrate use affect ventral, but not dorsal, brightness evolution in lizards. Evolution.  10.1093/evolut/qpad065 . pdf

146. W. Cao, H. Mao, N. C. McCallum, X. Zhou, H. Sun, C. Sharpe, J. Korpantya, Z.Hua, Q. Ni, M.D. Burkart, M. D. Shawkey, M. R. Wasielewski, N.C. Gianneschi. 2023. Biomimetic pheomelanin to unravel the electronic, molecular and supramolecular structure of the natural product. Chemical Science. pdf

145. J. Dunning, A. Patil, L. D’Alba, A.L. Bond, G. Debruyn, A. Dhinojwala, M.D. Shawkey, L. Jenni. 2023. How woodcocks produce the most brilliant white plumage patches among the birds J. Roy Soc. Interface 20: 20220920 pdf

144. D. Jeon, S. Ji, E. Lee, J. Kang, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey, J. Yeo. 2023. How the Eurasian jay expands its color palette by optimizing multiple scattering. Advanced Optical Materials doi:10.1002/adom.202202210. pdf

143. D. Jeon, S. Ji, E. Lee,  J. Kang,  J. kim, L. D'Alba,  M. Manceau, M.D. Shawkey, J. Yeo. 2023. How keratin cortex thickness affects iridescent feather colours. R. Soc. Open Sci. 10:220786. pdf (cover article)

2022

142. X. Zhu, Y. Li, T. Wei. Y. Li, T. Xing, M.D. Shawkey, G. Chen. 2022. TA-Fe(III) complex coated PS nanospheres for non-iridescent structural coloration of cotton fabric. J. Mat. Chem. C. 10:17472. pdf (cover article)

141. X. Zhou, S. Su, B. Vanthournout, Z. Hu, F.A. Son, K. Zhang, Z.E. Siwicka, X. Gong, N. Paul, K. Gnanasekaran, C. Forman, O.K. Farha, M.D. Shawkey, N.C. Gianneschi. Hydrophobic melanin via post-synthetic modification for controlled self-assembly. ACS Nano 16, 19087-19095. pdf

140. S. Rogalla, M.D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba. 2022. Thermal effects of plumage coloration. Ibis. doi: 10.1111/ibi.13100. pdf

139. A. Patil, C.M. Heil, B. Vanthournout, S. Singla, Z. Hu, J. Ilavsky, N.C. Gianneshi, M.D. Shawkey, S.K. Sinha, A. Jayaraman, A.  Dhinojwala. 2022. Modeling structural colors from disordered one-component colloidal nanoparticle-based supraballs using combined experimental and simulation techniques. ACS Materials Letters 4: 1848-1854. pdf

138. N.M. Justyn, K.B. Heine, W.R. Hood, J.A. Peteya, B. Vanthornout, G. Debruyn, M.D. Shawkey, R.J. Weaver, G.E. Hill. 2022.  A combination of red structural and pigmentary coloration in the eyespot of a copepod. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 19: 20220169. pdf

137. A. Cincotte, M. P. J. Nicolai, H.B.N. Campos, M. McNamara, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey, E.-E. Kischalt, J. Yans, R. Carleer, F. Escuillie, P. Godefroit. 2022. Pterosaur melanosomes support signalling functions for early feathers. Nature 604: 684-688. pdf

(cover image, received extensive press coverage)

136. J. Goldenberg, K. Bisschop, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey. 2022The link between body size, colouration and thermoregulation and their integration into ecogeographical rules: a critical appraisal in light of climate change. Oikos e09152. pdf

135. S. Rogalla, M. P. J. Nicolai, V. Vandomme, R. Teifel, S. Clusella-Trullas, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey2022. First observation of a brood patch on a male sunbird (Chalcomitra amethystina). J. Ornithology. doi: 10.1007/s10336-022-01964-7. pdf

134. S. Mader, JGoldenberg, F. Massetti, K. Bisschop, L. D’Alba, R.S. Etienne, S. Clusella-Trullas, M.D. Shawkey. 2022. How melanism affects the sensitivity of lizards to climate change Functional Ecology 1-14. pdf

133. X. Zhu, T. Wei, M.D. Shawkey, T. Xing, G. Chen. 2022. Bioinspired fabrication of noniridescent structurally colored cotton fabric based on polystyrene@polycaffeic acid particles. Industrial Crops Products 176: 114419 pdf

2021

132. A. Patil, C.M. Heil, B. Vanthournout, M. Bleuel, S. Singla, Z. Hu, N.C. Gianneschi, M.D. Shawkey, S.K. Sinha, A. Jayaraman, A. Dhinojwala. 2021. Structural Color Production in Melanin-Based Disordered Colloidal Nanoparticle Assemblies in Spherical Confinement Adv. Opt. Mat. 2102162. pdf

131. N. Justyn, A. Nallapaneni, A.J. Parnell, A. Karim, M.D. Shawkey.2021. A synergistic combination of structural and pigmentary colour produces non-spectral colour in the purple-breasted cotinga Cotinga cotinga Biol. J. Linnaean Soc 135: 62-70. pdf

130. Z. Hu, N.P. Bradshaw, B. Banthournout, C. Forman, K. Gnanasekaran, M.P. Thompson, P. Smeets, A. Dhinojwala, M.D. Shawkey, M.C. Hersam, N.C. Gianneschi. 2021. Non-Iridescent Structural Color Control via Inkjet Printing of Self-Assembled Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles. Chem. Mat. 33: 6433-6442. pdf

129. S. Rogalla, A. Patil, A. Dhinojwala, M.D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba 2021. Enhanced photothermal absorption in iridescent feathers. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 18: 20210252. pdf

(Cover image, received press coverage in Science News)

128. S. Rogalla, M.P.J. Nicolai, S. Porchetta, G. Glabeke, C. Battistella, L. D’Alba, N.C. Gianneschi, J. van Beeck, M.D. Shawkey. 2021. The evolution of darker wings in seabirds in relation to temperature-dependent flight efficiency. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 18: 20210236 pdf

(Cover image, received press coverage in Science)

127. L. D’Alba, M. Meadows, R. Maia, J. Yeo, M. Manceau, M.D. Shawkey. 2021. Morphogenesis of iridescent feathers in Anna’s hummingbird Calypte Anna.  Int. Comp. Biol. icab123. pdf

126. B. Vanthournout, A. Rousaki, T. Parmentier, F. Janssens, J. Mertens, P. Vandenabeele, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey 2021. Springtail coloration at a finer scale: mechanisms behind vibrant collembolan metallic colors.  J. Roy. Soc. Interface 18: 20210188. pdf

125. X. Zhou, X. Gong, W. Cao, C.J. Forman, J. Oktawiec, L. D’ Alba, H. Sun, M.P. Thompson, Z. Hu, U. Kapoor, N.C. McCallum, C.D. Malliakas, O.K. Farha, A. Jayaraman, M.D. Shawkey, N.C. Gianneschi. 2021. Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid State Polymerization of Self-Assembled 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60: 17464-17461. pdf

(Cover image)

124. D. R. Rubenstein, A. Corvelo, M. D. MacManes, R. Maia, A. Rousaki, P. Vandenabeele, M.D. Shawkey, J. Solomon. 2021. Feather gene expression elucidates the developmental basis of plumage iridescence in African starlings. J. Heredity esab014. pdf

123. M. P. J. Nicolai, L. D’Alba, J. Goldenberg, Y. Gansemans, F. Van Nieuwerbergh, S. Clusella-Trullas, M.D. Shawkey. 2021. Untangling the structural and molecular mechanisms underlying colour and rapid colour change in a lizard, Agama atra. Mol. Ecol. 30:2262-2284. pdf (Received coverage on HFSP website)

(Cover image)

122. L. D’Alba, J. Goldenberg, A. Nallapaneni, C. Zhu, D. Parkinson, B. Vanthournout, M.D. Shawkey.  2021. Evolution of Eggshell Structure in Relation to Nesting Ecology in Non-Avian Reptiles. J. Morphology https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21347 pdf

121. S. Rogalla, M.D. Shawkey, B. Vanthournout, L. D’Alba. 2021. Thermoregulation and heat exchange in ospreys (Pandion haliaetus).  J. Thermal Biology 96: 102857. pdf

120. W. Cao, X. Zhou, N.C. McCallum, Z. Hu, Q.Z. Ni, U. Kapoor, C. M. Heil, K.S. Cay, T. Zand, A.J. Mantanona, A. Jayaraman, A. Dhinojwala, D. D. Deheyn, M.D. Shawkey, M.D. Burkart, J.D. Rinehart, N. Gianneschi. 2021. Unraveling the structure and function of melanin through synthesis. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2622-2637. pdf

119. Z. Hu, H. Sun, M. Thompson, M. Xiao, M. Allen, X. Zhou, Q. N. Zhe, Z. Wang, W. Li, M. Burkart, D. Deheyn, A. Dhinojwala, M.D. Shawkey, N. Gianneschi. 2021. Structurally Colored Inks from Synthetic Melanin-Based Crosslinked Supraparticles. ACS Materials Letters 3:50-55. pdf

118. J. Goldenberg, L. D’Alba, B. Vanthornout, and M.D. Shawkey. 2021 Substrate thermal properties influence ventral brightness evolution in ectotherms. Comm. Biol. 4:26 pdf “Behind the Paper” post at Nature Ecology and Evolution

2020

117. W. Li, A. Patil, X. Zhuo, Z. Wang, M. Xiao, M.D. Shawkey, N. Gianneschi, and A. Dhinojwala. 2020. Characterization of Broadband Complex Refractive Index of Synthetic Melanin Coatings and Their Changes After Ultraviolet Irradiation. Applied Physics Letters 117:203701. pdf

(Selected as Editor’s Choice, highlighted on journal website)

116. C. Battistella, N. McCallum, B. Vanthournout, C. Forman, Q. Ni, J. LaClair, M. Burkart, M.D. Shawkey & N. Gianneschi. 2020. Bioinspired Chemoenzymatic Route to Artificial Melanin for Hair Pigmentation. Chem. Mat. 32:9201-9210. pdf

115. K. Janas, A. Latkiewicz, A. Parnell, D. Lutyk, J. Barczyk, M.D. Shawkey, L. Gustafsson, M. Cichon, and S. M. Drobniak 2020. Differential effects of early growth conditions on colour-producing nanostructures revealed through small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy. J. Exp. Biol. 223:jeb228387. pdf

114. R. M. Carney, H. Tischlinger, and M.D. Shawkey 2020. Evidence corroborates identity of isolated fossil feather as a wing covert of Archaeopteryx. Scientific Reports 10:15593. pdf

113. M. Xiao, M.D. Shawkey, and A. Dhinojwala. 2020. Bioinspired melanin-based optical materials Adv. Opt. Mat. doi.org/10.1002/1dom.202000932. pdf

112. W. Cao, N.C. McCollum, Q.N. Ni, W. Li, H. Boyce, H. Mao, X. Zhou, H. Sun, M.P. Thompson, C. Battistella, M.R. Wasielewski, A. Dhinjowala, M.D. Shawkey, M.D. Burkart, Z. Wang, and N.C. Gianneschi. 2020. Selenomelanin: an abiotic selenium analogue of pheomelanin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 142: 12802-12810. pdf

111. M. Echeverri, A.A. Patel, Z. Hu, M.D. Shawkey, N.C. Gianneschi, and A. Dhinojwala. 2020. Printing a wide gamut of saturated structural colors, with applications in anti- counterfeiting. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 12:19882-19889. pdf

110. M. Nicolai, M.D. Shawkey, S. Porchetta, and L. D’Alba. 2020. Exposure to irradiance as a predictor of repeated evolution of concealed black skin color in birds. Nature Communications 11:2414. pdf

109. C. M. Eliason, R. Maia, J.L. Parra, and M.D. Shawkey. 2020. Signal evolution and morphological complexity in Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). Evolution 74: 447-458. pdf

2019

108. W. Li, Z. Wang, M. Xiao, T. Miyoshi, X. Yang, Z. Hu, C. Liu, S.S.C. Chuang, M.D. Shawkey, N.C. Gianneschi, A. Dhinojwala. 2019. Mechanism of ultraviolet-A degradation of eumelanin. Biomacromolecules 20:4593-4601. pdf

107. L. D’Alba, B. Wang, B. Vanthournout, M.D. Shawkey. 2019. The golden age of arthropods: ancient mechanisms of color production in body scales. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 16:0366. pdf

106. M. Xiao, Z. Hu, T.E. Gartner III, Z. Yang, W. Li, A. Jayaraman, N.C. Gianneschi, M.D. Shawkey, A. Dhinojwala. 2019. Experimental and theoretical evidence for molecular forces driving surface segregation in photonic colloid assemblies. Science Advances 5:eaax1254 pdf

105. B.K. Hsiung, M.D. Shawkey, T.A. Blackledge. 2019. Colour production mechanisms in spiders. Journal of Arachnology 47:165180. pdf

104. M. Fan, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey, A. Peters, K. Delhey. 2019. Feather microstructure predicts interspecific variation in structural plumage colour among male fairy-wrens. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Blz114. pdf

103. S. Rogalla, L. D’Alba, A. Verdoodt, M.D. Shawkey. 2019. Hot wings: Thermal impacts of wing colouration on surface temperature during bird flight. J. Roy. Soc. Interface 20190032. pdf

102. M.D. Shawkey and L. D’Alba. 2019. Matters Arising: Egg pigmentation probably has an early Archosaurian origin. Nature 570:E43-45. pdf

101. M. Echeverri, A. Patil, M. Xiao, M.D. Shawkey, A. Dhinojwala. 2019. Developing non- iridescent structural colour on flexible substrates with high bending resistance. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 11: 21159-21165. pdf

100. L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey. 2019. Melanosomes: Biogenesis, properties and evolution of an ancient organelle. Physiological Reviews 99: 1-19 (invited review). pdf

2018
99. Q. Li, J.A. Clarke, K.-Q. Gao, J. Peteya, and M.D. Shawkey. 2018. Elaborate plumage patterning in a Cretaceous bird. PeerJ e5831. pdf

98. D. Stuart-Fox, E. Newton, R. Mulder, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey, B. Igic. 2018 The structure of white feathers predicts their visible and near-infrared reflectance properties. PLoSOne 13: e0199129. pdf

97. F. B. Kulp, L. D’Alba, M.D. Shawkey, and J.A. Clarke. 2018. Keratin nanofiber distribution and feather microstructure in penguins. Auk: Ornithological Advances 135:777-787. pdf

96. A.O. Barrera-Guzman, A. Aleixo, M.D. Shawkey, J.T. Weir. 2018. Reply to Rosenthal et al.: Both premating and postmating isolation likely contributed to manakin hybrid speciation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. Early edition: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804188115. pdf

95. M. Xiao, W. Chen, W. Li, J. Ziao, Y. Hong, Y. Nishiyama, T. Miyoshi, M.D. Shawkey, A. Dhinojwala. 2018. Elucidation of the hierarchical structure of natural eumelanins. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 15:20180045. pdf

94. B. Igic, L. D’Alba, and M.D. Shawkey. 2018. 50 shades of white: how white feather brightness differs among species. Naturwissenschaften 105:18. pdf

93. A.B. Luro, B. Igic, R. Croston, A.V. Lopez, M.D. Shawkey, M.E. Hauber. 2018. Which egg features predict egg rejection in American robins? Replicating Rothstein’s (1982) study. Ecology and Evolution 8:1673-1679. pdf

2017
92. B. Hsiung, R.H. Siddique, D.G. Stavenga, J.C. Otto, M.C. Allen, Y. Liu, Y.-F. Lu, D.D. Deheyn, M.D. Shawkey, T.A. Blackledge. 2017. Rainbow peacock spiders inspire miniature super iridescent optics. Nature Communications 8: 2278. pdf

91. A.O. Barrera-Guzman, A. Aleixo, M.D. Shawkey, J.T. Weir. 2017 Hybrid speciation leads to novel male secondary sexual ornamentation of an Amazonian bird. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717319115. pdf

90. Ronald, K.L., A. Ensminger, M.D. Shawkey, J.R. Lucas, E. Fernandez-Juricic. 2017 Testing a key assumption in animal communication: between-individual variation in female visual systems alters perception of male visual signals. Biology Open 6:1771-1783. pdf

89. N. Salunke, A. Nallapaneni, G. Yuan, C.M. Stafford, H. Niu, M.D. Shawkey, R.A. Weiss and A. Karim. 2017. Film confinement induced “jump-percolation” wetting transition in amphiphilic block copolymer films. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 9:35349-35359. pdf

88. D. Hu, J. A. Clarke, C.M. Eliason, R. Qiu, Q. Li, M.D. Shawkey, C. Zhao, L. D’Alba, J. Jiang, and X. Xing 2017. A bony-crested Jurassic dinosaur with iridescent plumage highlights complexity in early paravian evolution. Nature Communications 9:217. pdf

87. M.D. Shawkey, B. Igic, S. Rogalla, J. Goldenberg, S. Clusella-Trullas, L. D’Alba. 2017. Beyond colour: consistent variation in near infrared and solar reflectivity in sunbirds (Nectariniidae). Naturwissenschaften 104:78. pdf
86. M. Xiao, Z. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Li, A.D. Tormo, N. Le Thomas, B. Wang, N.C. Gianneschi, M.D. Shawkey, A. Dhinojwala. 2017. Bio-inspired bright non-iridescent photonic melanin supraballs. Science Advances 3: e1701151. pdf

85. B. Hsiung, N.M. Justyn, T.A. Blackledge and M.D. Shawkey. 2017. Spiders have rich pigmentary and structural colour palettes. Journal of Experimental Biology 220:1975-1983. pdf

84. L. D’Alba, R. Torres, G.I.N. Waterhouse, C.M. Eliason, M.E. Hauber and M.D. Shawkey. 2017. What does the eggshell cuticle do? A functional comparison of avian eggshell cuticles. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 90:588-599. pdf

83. L. D’Alba, T. Carlsen, Á. Ásgeirsson, M.D. Shawkey, J. E. Jonsson. 2017. Contributions of microstructure to eider down insulation properties. Journal of Avian Biology 48:001-008. pdf

82. M.D. Shawkey and L. D’Alba. 2017. Interactions between color-producing mechanisms and their effects on the integumentary color palette. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 372: 20160536. pdf

81. Nallapaneni, A. Karim, and M.D. Shawkey. 2017. Specular and diffuse reflectance of phase-separated polymer blend films. Macromolecular Rapid Communications DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600803 (cover article). pdf

80. N.M. Justyn, J. Peteya, L. D’Alba and M.D. Shawkey. 2017. Preferential attachment and colonization of the keratinolytic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis on black and white striped feathers. Auk: Ornithological Advances 134:466-473. pdf

79. D. Hanley, T. Grim, B. Igic, P. Samas, A.V. Lopez, M.D. Shawkey, and M. E. Hauber. 2017. Asymmetrical discrimination along a natural phenotypic gradient. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 284:1848 pdf

78. D. Fecheyr-Lippens, A. Nallapaneni and M.D. Shawkey. 2017. Exploring the use of waste chicken eggshells for UV-protective applications. Sustainability 9:232. pdf

2016

77. B. Igic, M.E. Hauber, C. Moskat, T. Grim, M.D. Shawkey, P. Prochazka, and M. Honza. 2016. Parasite and host eggshells undergo similar levels of decalcification during embryonic development. Journal of Zoology 301:165-173 (cover article). pdf

76. B. Hsiung, R. Siddique, L. Jiang, Y. Liu, Y. Lu, M.D. Shawkey, and T.A. Blackledge. 2016 Tarantula-inspired non-iridescent photonics with long-range order. Advanced Optical Materials 5:1600599 (cover article). pdf

75. T. Manna, C. Cooper, S. Baylis, L. Samuni, M.D. Shawkey, G.I.N. Waterhouse, A. Lotem, T. Grim and M.E. Hauber. 2016. Does the house sparrow Passer domesticus represent a global model species for egg rejection behaviour?. Journal of Avian Biology 48: 346-352 (cover article). pdf

74. J. Peteya, J.A. Clarke, Q. Li, K-Q. Gao and M.D. Shawkey. 2016. The plumage and colouration of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of China. Palaeontology 60:55-71. pdf

73. L.D’Alba, R. Maia, M.E. Hauber and M. D. Shawkey. 2016. Evolution of eggshell cuticle in relation to nesting ecology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 283:1836. pdf

72. M. Xiao, Y. Li, M. Allen, D. Deheyn, X. Yue, J, Zhao, N. Gianneschi, and A. Dhinojwala, and M.D. Shawkey. 2016. Stimuli-Responsive Structurally Colored Films from Bioinspired Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles. Chemistry of Materials 28:5516-5521. pdf

71. B. Igic, L. D’Alba, and M.D. Shawkey. 2016. Manakins produce bright iridescent feather colors without melanosomes. Journal of Experimental Biology 219: 1851-1859. pdf

70. J-P Iskander, C.M. Eliason, R. Maia, and M.D. Shawkey. 2016. A nanostructural basis for glossy red plumage colors. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society. DOI: 10.1111/bij.12810 pdf

69. R. Maia, D. R. Rubenstein, and M.D. Shawkey. 2016. Selection, constraint and the evolution of coloration in African starlings. Evolution 70:1064-1069. pdf

68. C.M. Eliason, M.D. Shawkey, and J.A. Clarke. 2016. Evolutionary shifts in the melanin-based color systems of birds. Evolution 70:445-455. pdf

2015

67. B. Hsiung, D. Deheyn, M.D. Shawkey, and T.A. Blackledge. 2015. Blue color in tarantulas is evolutionarily conserved despite nanostructural diversity. Science Advances 1: e1500709. pdf

66. B. Hsiung, T.A. Blackledge, and M.D. Shawkey. 2015. Spiders do have melanin after all. Journal of Experimental Biology 218:3632-3635. pdf

65. B. Igic, E. Zarate, M. A. Sewell, C. Moskát, P. Cassey, J. Rutila, T. Grim, M.D. Shawkey, and M. E. Hauber. 2015. A comparison of egg yolk lipid components between parasitic Common Cuckoos and their hosts. The Auk: Ornithological Advances 132:817-825. (cover article) pdf

64. M.E. Hauber, Z. Aidala, B.Igic, M.D. Shawkey, and C. Moskát. 2015. Orange is not the new green: Experimental shifts in nest-egg contrasts do not predict egg rejection decisions by great reed warbler hosts of brood parasitic common cuckoos. Animal Cognition DOI 10.1007/s10071-015-0886-9. pdf

63. M. Xiao, Y. Li, M. Allen, D. Deheyn, X. Yue, J, Zhao, N. Gianneschi, M.D. Shawkey, and A. Dhinojwala. 2015. Bio-inspired structural colors produced via self-assembly of synthetic melanin nanoparticles. ACS Nano 9:5454-5460. pdf

62. B. Igic, V.Nunez, H.U. Voss, R. Croston, Z. Aidala, A. Lopez, A.Van Tatenhove, M. Holford, M.D. Shawkey, and M.E. Hauber. 2015. Examining egg-rejection behavior of wild birds using 3D printed eggs. PeerJ 3:e965 https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.965. pdf

61. D. C. Fecheyr-Lippens, B. Igic, L. D’Alba, D. Hanley, A. Verdes, M. Holford, G.I.N. Waterhouse, T. Grim, M.E. Hauber, and M.D. Shawkey. 2015. The cuticle modulates ultraviolet reflectance of avian eggshells. Biology Open doi:10.1242/bio.01221. pdf

60. L. D’Alba and M.D. Shawkey. 2015. Antimicrobial defenses in avian eggs: a review. J. Ornithology. DOI:0.1007/s10336-015-1226-1 pdf

59. C.M. Eliason, R. Maia, and M.D. Shawkey. 2015. Modular color evolution in birds facilitated by a complex nanostructure. Evolution 69: 357-367. pdf

58. B. Igic, Daphne Fecheyr-Lippens, A. Chan, D. Hanley, P. Brennan, T. Grim, G.I.N. Waterhouse, M.E. Hauber, and M.D. Shawkey. 2015. A nanostructural basis for gloss of avian eggshells. Journal of the Royal Society Interface DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1210 pdf

57. M.D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba, M. Xiao, M. Schutte and R. Buchholz. 2015. Ontogeny of an iridescent nanostructure composed of hollow melanosomes. Journal of Morphology. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20347 pdf

2014
56. B. Hsiung, T.A. Blackledge and M.D. Shawkey. 2014. Structural color and its interactions with other color-producing elements: perspectives from spiders. Proceedings of SPIE 9187. pdf

55. S. Liu, M.D. Shawkey, D. Parkinson and M. Ahmed. 2014. Elucidation of the chemical composition of avian melanin. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances 4:40396-99. pdf

54. M.E. Hauber, L.Tong, M. Bán, R. Croston, T. Grim, G.I.N. Waterhouse, M.D. Shawkey, and C. Moskát. 2014. The value of artificial stimuli in behavioral ecology research: Making the case for egg rejection studies in avian brood parasitism. Ethology 121:521-528. pdf

53. L. D’Alba, C. van Hemert, K.A. Spencer, B.J. Heidinger, L. Gill, N.P. Evans, P. Monaghan, C.M. Handel, and M.D. Shawkey. 2014. Melanin-based color of plumage: Role of condition and of feathers’ microstructure. Integrative and Comparative Biology doi: 10.1093/icb/icu094 pdf

52. M. Xiao, Ali Dhinojwala and M.D. Shawkey. 2014. Nanostructural basis of rainbow-like iridescence in common bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera feathers. Optics Express 22:14625-14636. pdf

51. C. M. Eliason and M.D. Shawkey. 2014. Antireflection-enhanced color by a natural graded refractive index (GRIN) structure. Optics Express 22:A642-A650. pdf

50. J. Prokop, C. Schmidt, D. Gasper, R.J. Duff, A. Milsted, T. Ohkubo, H.C. Ball, M.D. Shawkey, H.L. Mays, L.A. Cogburn, R.L. Londraville. 2014. Discovery of the elusive leptin in birds: identification of several “missing links” in the evolution of leptin and its receptor. PLoS ONE 9:e92751. pdf

49. L. D’Alba, C.M. Eliason, H. Badawy, D.N. Jones and M.D. Shawkey. 2014. Antimicrobial effects of a nanostructured eggshell in a compost-nesting bird. Journal of Experimental Biology 217:1116-1121. (cover article). pdf

48. Q. Li, J.A. Clarke, K. Gao, C. Zhou, Q. Meng, D. Li, L. D’Alba and M.D. Shawkey. 2014. Melanosome evolution indicates a key physiological shift within feathered dinosaurs. Nature. pdf

47. J. Lindgren, P. Sjovall, J.A. Gren, P. Udval, G. Dyke, R.M. Carney, B.P. Schultz, M.D. Shawkey, K.R. Barnes, and M.J. Polcyn. 2014. Skin pigmentation provides evidence of convergent melanism in extinct marine reptiles. Nature. pdf

2013
46. C.M. Eliason, P.P. Bitton, M.D. Shawkey 2013. How hollow melanosomes affect iridescent plumage color in birds. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B pdf

45. R. Maia, D.R. Rubenstein and M.D. Shawkey. 2013. Key ornamental innovations facilitate diversification in an avian radiation. PNAS pdf

44. R. Maia, C.M. Eliason, P.P. Bitton, S.M. Doucet, and M.D. Shawkey. 2013. pavo: an R package for the analysis, visualization and organization of spectral data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12069 pavo on CRAN pdf

43. D. Field, L. D’Alba, J. Vinther and M.D. Shawkey. 2013. Melanin concentration gradients in extant and fossil feathers. PLoS One 8(3):e59451 pdf

2012

42. Eliason C. M. and M.D. Shawkey. 2012. A 2D biophotonic heterostructure produces diverse iridescent colors in dabbling ducks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface doi:10.1098/ rsif.2012.0118. Coverage in Science pdf

41. Q. Li, K. Gao, Q. Meng, J.A. Clarke, M.D. Shawkey *, L. D’Alba, R. Pei, M. Ellison, M.A. Norell, J. A. Vinther. 2012. A new specimen of Microraptor and the evolution of iridescent plumage color. Science 335:1215-1219. pdf  Media coverage

40. D’Alba,L., Briggs L. and M.D. SHAWKEY. 2012. Relative contributions of pigments and biophotonic nanostructures to natural color production: a case study in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Journal of Experimental Biology 215:1272-1277.pdf

39. H. K. Snyder, R. Maia, L. D’Alba, A. J. Schulz, K. Rowe, S. Rowe, and M.D. Shawkey. 2012. Iridescent colour production in hairs of blind golden moles (Chrysochloridae). Biology Letters. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.1168. pdf

38. R. Carney, J. Vinther, M.D. Shawkey, L. D’Alba, and J. Ackermann. 2012. New evidence on the color, ultrastructure and nature of the isolated Archaeopteryx feather. Nature Communications 3, 637. pdf

2011
37. D’Alba, L., Van Hemert, C. Handel C.M. and M.D. Shawkey. 2011. A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage coloration in black-capped chickadees. PLoS One 6: e25877. pdf

36. Maia, R., Macedo R.H. and M.D. Shawkey. 2011. Self-assembly of iridescent barbules through depletion attraction of melanosomes during keratinization. Journal of the Royal Society Interface: doi: 10.1098/ rsif.2011.0456. pdf

35. Shawkey M.D., Maia R., D’Alba L. 2011. Proximate bases of silver color in Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) feathers. Journal of Morphology. DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10993. pdf

34. Eliason C.M., Shawkey M.D. 2011. Decreased hydrophobicity of iridescent feathers: a potential cost of shiny plumage. Journal of Experimental Biology. 214:2157-63. pdf

33. D’Alba L., Saranathan V. Clarke, J.A. Vinther, J.A. Prum, R.O. Shawkey, M.D. 2011. Colour producing β-keratin nanofibres in blue penguin feathers. Biology Letters. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.1163. pdf

32. Shawkey M.D., D’Alba L., Wozny J., Eliason C., Koop J. and Jia L. 2011. Structural color change following hydration and dehydration of iridescent mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) feathers. Zoology. DOI:10.1016/j.zool.2010.11.001. pdf (cover article)

31. Maia R., D’Alba L., Shawkey M.D. 2011. What makes a feather shine? A nanostructural basis for glossy black colors in feathers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278: 1973-1980.pdf

2010
30. D’Alba, L., Oborn A., Shawkey M.D. 2010 Experimental evidence that keeping eggs dry is a mechanism for the antimicrobial effects of avian incubation. Naturwissenschaften. DOI:10.1007/s00114-010-0735-2. pdf

29. Eliason, C.M., Shawkey M.D. 2010. Rapid, reversible response of iridescent feather color to ambient humidity. Opt. Express 18, 21284-21292. DOI:10.1364/OE.18.021284. pdf

28. Clarke J.A., Ksepka D., Salas-Gismondi R., Altamirano A.J., Shawkey M.D., D’Alba L., Vinther J., DeVries J. Baby P. 2010. Fossil evidence for evolution of the shape and color of penguin feathers. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1193604. pdf (cover article)

27. D’Alba L., Shawkey M.D., Korsten P., Komdeur J. Beissinger S.R. et al. 2010. Differential deposition of antimicrobial proteins in blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) clutches by laying order and male attractiveness. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 64:1037-1045 pdf

26. Li, Q., Keqin, G., Vinther, J., Shawkey, M.D., Clarke J.A., D’Alba L., Meng, Q., Briggs D.E.G., Prum, R.O. 2010. Plumage color patterns of an extinct non-avian dinosaur. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.1186290. pdf

2009
25. Shawkey, M.D., E.L. Brodie, M.K. Firestone and S.R. Beissinger. 2009. Avian incubation inhibits bacterial growth and diversification on eggs. PLoS ONE 4(2): e4522. PDF

24. Shawkey, M.D., V. Saranathan, H. Palsdottir, J.C. Crum, M.L. Auer and R.O. Prum. 2009. Electron tomography, 3D Fourier analysis and color prediction of a 3D bio-photonic nanostructure. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. vol. 6 Suppl 2: S213–S220. pdf

23. Shawkey, M.D., N.I. Morehouse and P.R. Vuksuic. 2009. A protean palette: Color materials and mixing in birds and butterflies. Journal of the Royal Society Interface vol. 6 Suppl 2: S221-S231 pdf

22. Shawkey, M.D., S. Pillai and G.E. Hill. 2009. Do feather-degrading bacteria affect sexually selected plumage color? Naturwissenschaften 96:123-128. pdf

2008 and earlier
21. Johnson, V. M., C. Guyer, M.D. Shawkey, and S. R. Roberts. 2008. Abundance, identification, and prospective participation of bacteria on gopher tortoise shell degradation. Journal of Alabama Academy of Science 79:190 -199. pdf

20. Shawkey, M.D., M. Liu, E. Loos, F. Rowher, J.M. Wang, and S.R. Beissinger. 2008. Do birds differentially deposit anti-microbial proteins in clutches of eggs? Behavioral Ecology 19:920-927. pdf

19. Siefferman L., M.D. Shawkey, R. Bowman and G.E. Woolfenden. 2008 Juvenile coloration of Florida scrub-jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) is sexually dichromatic and correlated with condition. Journal of Ornithology 149:357-363. pdf

18. Shawkey, M.D., S.R. Pillai, G.E. Hill, L.M. Siefferman and S.R. Roberts. 2007. Bacteria as an agent for change in structural plumage color: correlational and experimental evidence. The American Naturalist S112-117. pdf

17. Estep, L.K., M.D. Shawkey and G.E. Hill. 2006. Carotenoid-based breast plumage colour, body condition and clutch size in red fodies (Foudia madagascariensis). Ostrich 16:164-169. pdf

16. Shawkey, M.D., J. Hussain, J.L. Hagelin, A.C. Vollmer, and G.E. Hill. 2006. Culture-independent characterization of bacteria on feathers of Crested and Least Auklets (Aethia cristatella and Aethia pusilla). Waterbirds 29:507-510. pdf

15. Shawkey, M.D., G.E. Hill, K.J. McGraw, W.R. Hood and K.L. Huggins. 2006. An experimental test of the relative contribution and condition-dependence of microstructure and carotenoids in yellow plumage coloration. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 273:2985-2991. pdf

14. Shawkey, M.D., M.E. Hauber, L.K. Estep and G.E. Hill. 2006. Evolutionary transitions and structural mechanisms of avian plumage coloration in grackles and allies (Icteridae). Journal of the Royal Society Interface 3:777-783. pdf

13. Shawkey, M.D. and G.E. Hill. 2006. Significance of a basal melanin layer to production of non-iridescent structural plumage colour: evidence from an amelanotic Stellers’ Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri). Journal of Experimental Biology 209:1245-1250. pdf

12. Shawkey, M.D., S.L. Balenger, G.E. Hill, L.S. Johnson, A.J. Keyser and L. Siefferman. 2006. Mechanisms of evolutionary change in structural plumage coloration among bluebirds (Sialia spp.). Journal of the Royal Society Interface 3:527-532 (cover article). pdf

11. Doucet, S.M., M.D. Shawkey, G.E. Hill and R. Montgomerie. 2006. Iridescent color in satin bowerbirds: Structure, mechanisms and individual variation. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:380-390 (cover article). pdf

10. Shawkey, M.D. and G.E. Hill. 2005. Carotenoids need structural colours to shine. Biology Letters 1:121-124. pdf

9. Shawkey, M.D., K.L. Mills, C. Dale and G.E. Hill. 2005. Microbial diversity of wild bird feathers revealed through culture-based and culture-independent techniques. Microbial Ecology 50:40-47. pdf

8. Shawkey, M.D., A.M. Estes, L.M. Siefferman and G.E. Hill. 2005. The anatomical basis of sexual dichromatism in non-iridescent ultraviolet-blue structural coloration of feathers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85:259-271. pdf

7. Shawkey, M.D. and G.E. Hill. 2004. Feathers at a fine scale. Auk. 141:652-655. pdf

6. Doucet, S.M., M.D. Shawkey, M.K. Rathburn, H.L. Mays, Jr. and R. Montgomerie. 2004. Concordant evolution of plumage colour, feather microstructure, and a melanocortin receptor gene between mainland and island populations of a fairy-wren. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 271:1663-1670. pdf

5. Shawkey, M.D., R. Bowman and G.E. Woolfenden. 2004. Why is partial brood loss among Florida Scrub-Jays higher in suburban than wildland habitat? Canadian Journal of Zoology 82:1427-1435. pdf

4. Shawkey, M.D., A.M. Estes, L.M. Siefferman and G.E. Hill. 2003. Nanostructure predicts intraspecific variation in ultraviolet-blue plumage colour. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270:1455-60. pdf Commentary on the above article appears in Nature 423:820. pdf

3. Shawkey, M.D., S.R. Pillai and G.E. Hill. 2003. Chemical warfare? Effects of uropygial oil on feather-degrading bacteria. Journal of Avian Biology 34:345-349. pdf

2. Shawkey, M.D., M.L. Beck and G.E. Hill. 2003. Use of a gel documentation system to measure feather growth bars. Journal of Field Ornithology 74:125-128. pdf

1. Ellis, D.E., B. Clauss, T. Watanabe, R.C. Mykut, M.D. Shawkey, D.P. Mummert, D.T. Sprague, C.H. Ellis and F.B. Trahan. 2001. Results of the second (1996) experiment to lead cranes on migration behind a motorized ground vehicle. Pp. 122-127 in Proceedings of the Eighth North American Crane Workshop. International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, WI.